The True Nature of Obsession (Othello, Endless Love and...

The true nature of obsession manipulates a person’s character, forcing them to act in unusual ways, as if possessed by an involuntary need. An obsessed mind becomes intensely absorbed in the subject of the obsession to an extent that drives away the truth and realism in their values, morals and perceptions. William Shakespeare manifests this idea of an involuntary change in character in the play â€Å"Othello†, and with a similar approach this idea is identified by Scott Spencer in the novel â€Å"Endless Love† and is further explored in â€Å"Obsession†, a poem written by DaMoyre. Throughout each of these texts, the composers’ use of characterization depicts the true nature of obsession with themes of jealously, revenge and, as a consequence, madness.†¦show more content†¦Other characters in the play note this evident juxtaposition, this is reflective of Lodovico’s horror when he experiences Othello’s dramatic transformation, â€Å" Is this the noble Moor whom our full senate, Call all-in-all sufficient? Is the nature/ Whom passion could not shake? Whose solid virtue/ The shot of accident nor dart of chance/ Could neither graze nor pierce?† Shakespeare’s use of repetitive rhetorical questions addresses Lodovico’s shock and dismay in such a dramatic change. Obsession driven revenge often leads to extensive deceiving, lying and dishonesty. Shakespeare conveys this idea with his characterization of Iago and the idea is further investigates by Scott Spencer in his novel â€Å"Endless Love†. First person narration allows the audience to obtain deepened insight into the thoughts of the characters transfixed, consumed and manipulated mind. The characterization of David in this novel exemplifies this notion as he describes the nature of a lie, â€Å" You don’t live it, you live in it, the way you might live in a cave†. Spencer uses a simile to provide imagery and insight into the true nature of obsession. The idea presented is one of captivation and consumption that emerges involuntarily, as a result of consistent lying to gain power and manipulation in a path of revenge. In the poem â€Å"Obsession†, DaMoyre presents the idea of jealous driven revenge as a result of constant craving, yarning and need for the subject of obsession, without gain. In a

James Joyce s A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man

The popularity of the coming of age novel in the Twentieth and the Twenty First Centuries reveals a deepening understanding of the impact of childhood and adolescent experiences in the long-term development of adulthood. Such is the case of James Joyce’s A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, which explores the lasting impact of Steven Dedalus’ boyhood and teenage years on his destiny as an artist. The majority of the novel centres on these early years and draws upon the conventions of the Bildungsroman. The narrative largely is driven by impressionistic and sensory language which initially focuses on Steven’s encounters with the world but eventually turns inwards to focus on his emotional development and understanding of himself.†¦show more content†¦Furthermore Joyce’s purpose is further revealed through his protagonist’s view of the artist. Steven expresses the view of the role of the artist as an individual who chooses to isolate them selves; through the strict focalisation and the stream of consciousness the reader is able to experience Steven’s isolation and the development of his artistic expression (Belanger xxiv). However, as a result of this isolation we are given limited insight into the way Steven is perceived by others. One of the only descriptions given is from his rival at Belvedere, Heron. He says, â€Å"Dedalus is model youth. He doesn’t smoke and doesn’t go to bazaars and he doesn’t flirt and he doesn’t damn anything and damn all.† (Joyce 57). The repetition of doesn’t implies that Steven is reluctant to participate in the world around him, that in fact he does isolate himself from others and to an extent becomes an observer of life. Ultimately, Joyce does not prioritise the perception of Steven by others, choosing to focus on Steven’s perception of himself. The novel opens with the story of the baby tuckoo, which Steven realises is him, â€Å"He was baby tuckoo. The moocow came down the road where Betty Byrne lived† (Joyce 3). This short tale becomes a microcosm the entire novel and sets the tone for a narrative of self-discovery and realisation (Belanger ix). FollowingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Joyce s A Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man Essay2057 Words   |  9 PagesJames Joyce and H.G. Wells had different styles of writing and relied on different forms of narration. H.G. Wells was direct and focused on the external environment or situation. He did not give much insight on the thoughts or internal struggle of his characters, while James Joyce did. Joyce supplied his characters with a greater level of internal comprehension than Wells did and was able to provide more human like characters. This difference is especially seen in H.G Well’s Tono-Bungay and JamesRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s A Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man Essay1953 Words   |  8 PagesJames Joyce and H.G. Welles had different styles of writing and relied on different forms of narration. H.G. Wells was direct and focused on the external environment or situation. He did not give much insight on the thoughts or internal struggle of his characters, while James Joyce did. Joyce supplied his characters with a greater level of internal comprehension than Wells did and was able to provide more human like characters. This difference is especially seen in H.G Well’s Tono-Bungay and JamesRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man2639 Words   |  11 Pagesof the nature of God. James Joyce s Portrait of An Artist as a Young Man is a narration of the transition from childhood to adulthood of the protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, who grows up in a Catholic society and family life in Ireland. Because of the nature of his church s role in his life, Stephen faces internal conflict regarding his own thoughts and beliefs about the nature of God. After many trials and tribulations with his faith life, Stephen realizes that the church s unequivocal teachingsRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man2299 Words   |  10 Pagescontrol by the Catholic Church provided structure and stability in their lives, for others it was a source of major struggle and inner conflict. James Joyce found the Catholic Church’s power to be both overwhelming and repressive. In his Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we see his inner struggle portrayed through the main character Stephen Dedalus. Like Joyce, Stephen struggles throughout his childhood and adolescence with the rigidity and severity of the Catholic Church. Initially, Stephen blindlyRead MoreStephen As A Fan Of Lord Byron s Poetry1503 Words   |  7 Pages and Stephen knew his essay contained heresy because he, â€Å"did not look up. [†¦] He was conscious of failure and detection [†¦]à ¢â‚¬  (Joyce, 69) After opening Stephen’s essay to find the heresy in question, Mr. Tate proclaimed, â€Å"Ah! without a possibility of ever approaching nearer. That’s heresy,† to which Stephen mumbled, â€Å"I meant without a possibility of ever reaching† (Joyce, 69). Stephen’s intentional act of heresy points to his religious dissent. Stephen is also a fan of Lord Byron’s poetry. One nightRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1664 Words   |  7 PagesIn A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus grows out of a repressive society fueled by religious beliefs to realize his true desire to be an artist. In Ireland at the time, there is no influence as strong as religion but somehow Stephen is able to look over the wall and find determination to be an artist. He faces numerous struggles along his path and since the novel ends with Stephen just deciding to take his action, it is unclear if he even ever escapes the reli gious influencesRead More Rejection and Isolation in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1074 Words   |  5 Pages As James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man unfolds, the central theme of isolation and rejection becomes evident. From birth to adolescence, the protagonist of the story, Stephen Dedalus, responds to his experiences throughout life with actions of rejection and isolation. He rebels against his environment and isolates himself in schoolwork, family, religion and his art, successively. James Joyce uses Stephen Dedalus responses of isolation and rejection to illustrate theRead More Essay on Kinship in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1522 Words   |  7 PagesSearch for Kinship in Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the heart of James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man lies Stephen Dedalus, a sensitive young man concerned with discovering his purpose in life. Convinced that his lack of kinship or community with others is a shortcoming that he must correct, Stephen, who is modeled after Joyce, endeavors to fully realize himself by attempting to create a forced kinship with others. He tries many methods in hopesRead MoreThe Social And Historical Context Of A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man And My Son1436 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical context of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and My Son the Fanatic and how they enhance our understanding of the texts and then compare the two in their respective contexts. Religious extremism is a social ideology that is heavily implemented into both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and My Son the Fanatic. With Steven Dedalus being subjected to his traditional family views of Catholicism as was the author of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce. Throughout the textRead MoreMy Understanding Of A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man By James Joyce1029 Words   |  5 Pagesexploring various literary pieces can be an interesting task for the young mind. By observing myself and my peers I have developed an opinion, this opinion was reinforced by reading How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas Foster. There are different stages of comprehension. Authors and readers utilize both experiences and prior knowledge quite often. My understanding of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man By James Joyce was vastly impacted after reading Foster’s book. Instead of just reading

Foundation Management for Hospitality & Tourism -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFoundation Management for Hospitality Tourism. Answer: Introduction Scientific management is defined as a process through which maximum efficiency is realized through normalizing tasks by segregating work into small pieces. The concept of scientific management approach aimed to improve labor productivity by following certain principles. It was developed by Frederick Taylor towards the end of 19th century. Human relations approach on the other hand, was developed later and focuses more on achieving goals through improved relationships, recognition and motivation of workers themselves. Modern management theory tries to revise and refine its predecessors in attempt to unify them. Although the basic principles in scientific management theories remain relevant even in modern management approach, there are some key aspects that completely differ. Contrary to scientific management approach, modern management approach stipulates that no one best way of doing this will apply for all situations. Discussion Scientific management This was developed during industrial revolution when large scale factories were created. The solution to management problems, made by Frederick Taylor by developing scientific theory of management, has greatly contributed to the current management practice. It has contributed in solving management problems like organizational inefficiencies, safety issues, supervision, conflict and industrial unrest. Scientific management was characterized by what Taylor referred to as principles of scientific management. From these principles, work is standardized based on measurements and formulae where workers are matched to tasks with respect to their skills (Shaw, 2017). Coordination of activities and separation of planning and execution are emphasized. The principles are based on science, which is the tool used in formulation of procedures to ensure cooperation as opposed to individualism, maximum output instead of restricted output and development of human resources to achieve highest efficien cy and prosperity. Contribution of this approach to work is evident in organization of labor such that work is not based on technical superiority but instead focuses on division of labor then integration of tasks to achieve a common goal. Management uses this science to integrate methods, policies, planning and people to achieve objectives. Taylorism has led to differentiation of skilled and unskilled labor, improved productivity and reduced craft based work. Today, it is used in manufacturing and in mass production. Division of labor still forms the basis of work organization. Human resource managers are still concerned in fostering cooperation. Limitations associated with this approach are that it resulted to repetitions that bring about boredom and promotes deskilling. Human Relations Movement Human relation school portrays organizations as system of interdependent human resources. Mary parker added a measurement of human aspect to the study of organizations. Chester Barnards theory views organizations as systems of coordinated human activities (Feldman Worline, 2016). This study emphasizes on understanding human behavior such as motivations rather than economic factors. This is because employees are found to be social as opposed to economic beings. Work should be viewed as group activity since groups exert strong impacts over individuals. Social factors help productivity to increase, therefore employees performance can be improved by cultivating good relations and trust between managers and workers. Informal work groups are found to influence performance as was observed in Hawthorne effect. Cooperation is an important aspect of productivity and this is connected to the importance of interpersonal skills among managers, who should as well have skills in controlling and pl anning (Loonam, 2014). Such human factors lead motivation based productivity, job satisfaction and cooperation between workers and their supervisors. Attention paid to the role of leadership and supervisory development, motivation and harmony at place of work are key things that can be used to gauge productivity in this perspective. On the other hand, conflict between needs of human workers and those of management of organizations demotivates employees. Modern Management Theory and Practice Modern period with regard to management theory is recent period starting from 1960 to present. This has drifted from extreme human relations thinking about morale and productivity (Robledo, 2016). Modern management wants equal emphasis on machine and human workforce. Principles of management, which are key features of scientific management, reached a point which marked the beginning of modern approaches to management where they needed to be revised and refined in attempt to reach perfection. A new approach that needed to unify different approaches and inclusive of emerging needs was develop and became what is known as modern management theory. This approach of management is sensitive to aspects such as social responsibilities of various societies such as employees, trade unions, customers and shareholders. Three streams of thinking have arisen from it: quantitative (mathematical) approach, systems approach and contingency approach. Quantitative Approach This approach emphasizes on use of mathematical models as universally recognized analysis tool as they provide a good channel for precise explanation of relationships and concepts. It considers variables and inputs in a quantitative basis which can be modelled to help management in decision making. Different tools and quantitative techniques such as simulation, linear programming are increasingly being used to cover a wide scope while studying current problems. It is based on assumption that all aspects of management can be treated in quantitative terms. However, it is recognized that sound judgement in managerial decisions is critical and that mathematical models cannot be substituted (Suddaby, 2015). Contributions of this approach are very significant in the field of management. This has boosted development of orderly thinking of managers by bringing about exactness to managerial processes. This approach has its limitations. It is narrow since it is merely based on solving certain managerial problems that are specific to certain situations. In real life situations, executives are required to make decisions quickly with no time to wait all the information necessary to develop models. The assumption made in this approach that all variables in decision making are measurable is not realistic. Furthermore, information available with regard to decision making based on mathematical models are not always up to date. Systems Approach This approach tried to unify its predecessor schools of thoughts. Organizations are viewed as open systems composed of interdependent subsystems whose interaction contribute to orderly totality of an organization. It is based on the idea that things and processes in an organization are inter-related and interdependent. Various components of the system should to be studied with regard to their interdependent relationship instead of isolation of each (Devers, et al, 2014). The system is composed of a boundary that defines external and internal environment. The system receives information from outside that undergo changes within the internal environment of subsystems and gives output to the external environment. It is therefore dynamic and responsive to changes in the environment. System approach is important in managerial perspective because it aims to solve objectives of an organization in an open system manner. It is easier to locate non performing subsystems and fix them without alt ering the performance of other subsystems (Harrison, et al, 2015). This approach has contributed in analyzing the functions of complex organizations such as project management organizations. Subsystems interactions help to bring interrelations aspects to managerial functions of planning, organizing, controlling and leading. This approach is advantageous over others since it is thought to be very close to reality. However, it may not be applicable to large and more complex organizations. It is regarded vague as it fails to provide any technique to managers. Contingency or Situational Approach This is the latest and it is an improvement of system approach. It is based on the fact that management problems are different at different situations and should be handled so as to cater for the needs at the situation. As opposed to scientific theory of management, contingency approach views problems as situational other than repetitive and thus one best way of management does not always apply. The behavior of one sub unit is in contingent with its environment (Alonso, et al, 2016). To change the behavior of a sub unit, then to one must change the situation influencing it. This approach emphasis on internal and external environments, which are the sub systems of an organization, which are analyzed and integrated to provide practical solutions to problems for given situations. The subsystems analysis helps in determination of organizational designs and managerial actions that are critical in making most appropriate decision for specific situations. In contrary with management theory about universality, contingency approach stipulates no one best way of doing things will apply in all situations. Managers should prepare strategies and policies according to situations the problems arise in. It emphasizes that for such managerial strategies to be effective, adjustment must be made in response to changes in the environment. Diagnostic skills need to be improved for an organization be ready and anticipate for environmental changes. Managers need to have human relations skills in order to accommodate change (Sharma, 2016). Contingency approach forms a basis of brighter ways for development of management theory in future. This approach makes a realistic view in management and disregards validity of universal management principles. It advises executives to be creative and innovative by being situation-oriented. However, this approach does not have theoretical base hence it is upon an executive to weigh between options before taking an action. Conclusion Management theories are vital in analyzing the managerial problems. Different theories have been formed to help in this analysis. Each of them has contributed to modern management. Scientific management theory forms the basis of management approaches. Human relations builds on the same but emphasizes more on human aspect. However, modern theories of managements are not in total agreement with scientific approach. They reject the idea by scientific theory of management that all aspects in management can be modelled mathematically and argues that there is no one best way that will work in all situations. References Alonso-Almeida, M, Celemn-Pedroche, M, Miguel Rodrguez-Antn, J, Rubio-Andrada, L 2016, 'Human and other critical factors in organizational learning in the hotel industry: A contingency approach', Tourism Management Studies, 12, 1, pp. 97-106, Hospitality Tourism Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Devers, C, Misangyi, V, Gamache, D 2014, 'editors comments: on the future of publishing management theory', Academy Of Management Review, 39, 3, pp. 245-249, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Feldman, M, Worline, M 2016, 'The Practicality of Practice Theory', Academy of Management Learning Education, 15, 2, pp. 304-324, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Harrison, J, Freeman, R, S de Abreu, M 2015, 'Stakeholder Theory As an Ethical Approach to Effective Management: applying the theory to multiple contexts', Revista Brasileira De Gesto De Negcios, 17, pp. 858-859, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Loonam, J 2014, 'Towards a Grounded Theory Methodology: Reflections for Management Scholars', Irish Journal Of Management, 33, 1, pp. 49-72, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Robledo, MA 2016, '3D-Management: An Integral Business Theory', Integral Leadership Review, pp. 72-85, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Sharma, DN 2016, 'The Strategic Approach to Management of NPAs in Associate Banks with Special Reference to SBBJ', Journal Of Institute Of Public Enterprise, 39, 3/4, pp. 60-80, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Shaw, JD 2017, 'advantages of starting with theory', Academy of Management Journal, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 819-822. Available from: 10.5465/amj.2017.4003. [10 October 2017]. Suddaby, R 2015, 'editor's comments: why theory?', Academy Of Management Review, 4015, pp. 1-5, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017.

The Unemployment Rate Essay Example For Students

The Unemployment Rate Essay The Unemployment Rate Essay Introduction The unemployment rate became a hot topic in the past few months when it rose to 3.5 per cent, a recent high for almost 10 years. The jobless rate was higher than the 3.2 per cent unemployment rate recorded in the May to July period. The underemployment rate in the June to August period rose to 2. We will write a custom essay on The Unemployment Rate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 5 per cent from 2.3 per cent in the May to July period. Until recently, most workers who lost their jobs were from the manufacturing sector. They were middle-aged factory workers with few skills and little education. But in recent months a large number of employees have been laid off in the retail and restaurant businesses. Unemployment has spilled over to the service sector from manufacturing sector. Hong Kong is facing a prolonged economic downturn. The high unemployment rate has raised many social and economic problems. For example, the number of people who commit suicide is increased. It is because more people had lost their jobs for a long time. It is a serious threat to the lives of the poor. The unemployed people may also feel that it is unmeaningful to live. As a result, they will commit suicide to solve the problem. Moreover, the high unemployment rate results in the increase of the rate of crime. There was an unemployed man who stole rice because he was too hungry and he did not have money to even buy food! We can know how serious the unemployment rate is. By the way, higher unemployment rate causes lower purchasing power of people. A lot of kinds of business are affected. Many people lose confidence in economics of Hong Kong. They do not believe unemployment will be improved. Some say that the Government should provide immediate assistance for the jobless. Some also say unemployment is due to the attraction of cheap labor across the border. The Government can no longer play the role of a bystander. All of these above show the influence of the unemployment. In spite of how many people who have talked about the topic of unemployment, everyone will be concerned about this topic. The following sections will analyze this hot topic. Reasons for unemployment in Hong Kong 1. Faster growth in total labor supply relative to that of total employment In 1993 and 1994, the increase in Hong Kong labor force is 2.9% and 3.5% respectively. At the end of 1993, the total labour supply is 2 970 000. Change in the total labour supply is determined by the population growth, total employment and the emigration condition. If the population growth and the total employment is stable, the extra labour supply will increase the total labour supply. This extra labour supply are mostly from the influx of illegal immigrants from China, imported labour ( 30,000 ), hiring of expatriates ( net increase is 40,000 from 1992 to 1994 ) and the returnees from overseas. Thus, the supply of labour is greater than the demand and gives pressure on employment. From March to May of 1995, the total labour supply had risen 4.4% but the total employment had just increased 3. 6%, so this aggravated the unemployment rate. However, this is just a superficial reason. The following reasons can explain the reason of unemployment in a deeper way. 2. Change in the economic structure The economic structure in Hong Kong has changed from labour intensive to high technology and large capital intensive. Also, it changes from manufacturing oriented to service oriented industries. Therefore, the manufacturing factories move to China for cheap labour. From 1988 to 1994, there are 60,000 jobs lost each year. Of the total employment of different sectors, the portion of the manufacturing industries drops from 27.4% in 1990 to 17% in 1994. Many labour are released from the manufacturing industries. Though there are a great demand of labour in the service sector, many of the unemployed still cannot find their job because of job matching problem. .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .postImageUrl , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:hover , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:visited , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:active { border:0!important; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:active , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: GMOs Essay They do not have the skills demanded in the job market, so there are both a lot of vacancies of jobs and a lot of unemployed labour. This kind of unemployment is called the structural unemployment which is a kind of involuntary unemployment. 3. China Policy Recently, the Chinese government tries to control the economy by macro policy such as implementing the contractionary monetary policy , inflation control policy. This leads to the slow down in the Chinese economy. The flow in of the Chinese capital to Hong Kong for speculation and investment reduce. This affects Hong Kongs economic growth simultaneously. In . The Unemployment Rate Essay Example For Students The Unemployment Rate Essay The Unemployment Rate Essay Introduction The unemployment rate became a hot topic in the past few months when it rose to 3.5 per cent, a recent high for almost 10 years. The jobless rate was higher than the 3.2 per cent unemployment rate recorded in the May to July period. The underemployment rate in the June to August period rose to 2. We will write a custom essay on The Unemployment Rate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 5 per cent from 2.3 per cent in the May to July period. Until recently, most workers who lost their jobs were from the manufacturing sector. They were middle-aged factory workers with few skills and little education. But in recent months a large number of employees have been laid off in the retail and restaurant businesses. Unemployment has spilled over to the service sector from manufacturing sector. Hong Kong is facing a prolonged economic downturn. The high unemployment rate has raised many social and economic problems. For example, the number of people who commit suicide is increased. It is because more people had lost their jobs for a long time. It is a serious threat to the lives of the poor. The unemployed people may also feel that it is unmeaningful to live. As a result, they will commit suicide to solve the problem. Moreover, the high unemployment rate results in the increase of the rate of crime. There was an unemployed man who stole rice because he was too hungry and he did not have money to even buy food! We can know how serious the unemployment rate is. By the way, higher unemployment rate causes lower purchasing power of people. A lot of kinds of business are affected. Many people lose confidence in economics of Hong Kong. They do not believe unemployment will be improved. Some say that the Government should provide immediate assistance for the jobless. Some also say unemployment is due to the attraction of cheap labor across the border. The Government can no longer play the role of a bystander. All of these above show the influence of the unemployment. In spite of how many people who have talked about the topic of unemployment, everyone will be concerned about this topic. The following sections will analyze this hot topic. Reasons for unemployment in Hong Kong 1. Faster growth in total labor supply relative to that of total employment In 1993 and 1994, the increase in Hong Kong labor force is 2.9% and 3.5% respectively. At the end of 1993, the total labour supply is 2 970 000. Change in the total labour supply is determined by the population growth, total employment and the emigration condition. If the population growth and the total employment is stable, the extra labour supply will increase the total labour supply. This extra labour supply are mostly from the influx of illegal immigrants from China, imported labour ( 30,000 ), hiring of expatriates ( net increase is 40,000 from 1992 to 1994 ) and the returnees from overseas. Thus, the supply of labour is greater than the demand and gives pressure on employment. From March to May of 1995, the total labour supply had risen 4.4% but the total employment had just increased 3. 6%, so this aggravated the unemployment rate. However, this is just a superficial reason. The following reasons can explain the reason of unemployment in a deeper way. 2. Change in the economic structure The economic structure in Hong Kong has changed from labour intensive to high technology and large capital intensive. Also, it changes from manufacturing oriented to service oriented industries. Therefore, the manufacturing factories move to China for cheap labour. From 1988 to 1994, there are 60,000 jobs lost each year. Of the total employment of different sectors, the portion of the manufacturing industries drops from 27.4% in 1990 to 17% in 1994. Many labour are released from the manufacturing industries. Though there are a great demand of labour in the service sector, many of the unemployed still cannot find their job because of job matching problem. .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .postImageUrl , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:hover , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:visited , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:active { border:0!important; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:active , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus Essay They do not have the skills demanded in the job market, so there are both a lot of vacancies of jobs and a lot of unemployed labour. This kind of unemployment is called the structural unemployment which is a kind of involuntary unemployment. 3. China Policy Recently, the Chinese government tries to control the economy by macro policy such as implementing the contractionary monetary policy , inflation control policy. This leads to the slow down in the Chinese economy. The flow in of the Chinese capital to Hong Kong for speculation and investment reduce. This affects Hong Kongs economic growth simultaneously. In .