Analysis Of Allure Magazine Usa Media Essay

Analysis Of Allure Magazine Usa Media Essay Allure, the first and only magazine devoted to beauty, is an insiders guide to a womans total image. Allure investigates and celebrates beauty and fashion with objectivity and candor, and places appearance in larger cultural context. (Allure Media Kit, 19th August 2008, p1) Well known for its pioneering approach to beauty, intelligent and truthful coverage of current issues that surround women, such as; The dangers of breast implants, eating disorders and Models addicted to heroin. Allure has been recognized for its strength and quality in journalistic writing, as well as its keen aesthetic sense seen in its photography. (Refer to appendix 3) And with it, summoned a strong following of readers that has soared to 1,150,000 (refer to appendix 1) since its beginning in 1991. (Allure Experts Reader Panel, Fas-Fax 31st December 2009) The Allure magazine is targeted towards urban women 18-49 years old with a middle income and a tertiary education. (Refer to appendix 1 2) They have a certain amount of disposable income which they enjoy spending on themselves and pride themselves in making informed choices on the products and services that they consume. In their social circle, they are influencers; informed and up to date on current affairs, trends, movies, restaurants, beauty products, fashion, music, etc. They like to be the first to know and the one that informs their friends. (Allure Experts Reader Panel, Fas-Fax 31st December 2009) Conscious about their appearance thought not obsessed by it, Allure is targeted at everyday women who are culturally universal; who dont take themselves too seriously and most of all possess a sense of humour. (Quantcast Audience Profile- Allure.com, July 2010) Allures editorial and advertising content reflects this, the products advertised and featured in Allure range from high street fashion labels; Calvin Klein Jeans, DKNY, Guess, Sisley to designer brands; Fendi, Gucci, Marc Jacobs and Coach. As for cosmetics and beauty products, the same applies; ranging from Maybelline, LOreal, Olay, Revlon, Garnier, to higher-end products; Lancà ´me, Clinique, Shiseido, Federic Fekkai, all tastefully selected with the above target market in mind. Unlike other womens magazines, Allure also contains advertising for cosmetic procedures i.e. Botox, pharmaceutical products i.e. contraceptive pills and prescription beauty products i.e. Latisse, an eyelash serum that encourages growth, showing that it does have a very specific reader. The Keatsian adage of beauty being truth and truth beauty seems also to guide the editorial philosophy of Allure; founding editor and current editor-in-chief Linda Wells. (Delving Beneath The Skin To Cover Beauty, MOSAICA, November 1998, p1) As a results of Wells innovative and bold direction, Allure has carved itself a niche amongst the traditional genre of womens magazines which concentrated solely on the latest fashion trends and beauty prescriptive; by tackling head-on some of the more serious issues that affect women. We were the first womens magazine ever to write about the dangers of breast implants, Wells explains. We did the first story on models that were addicted to heroin. Weve written about eating disorders in a way that no magazine has done. I think magazines were afraid to pull the curtains back on Oz and find out that Oz is just this little man. We pull the curtain back and say, Heres whats going on in the world.' (Delving Beneath The Skin To Cover Beauty, MOSAICA, November 1998, p1) Delving beneath the surface of beauty, fashion and womens health, Allure has been praised as the one magazine that consistently gives consumers the information that they need. With numerous awards in tow, including National Magazine Award, the Editorial Excellence Award (from Folio), and the Circulation Excellence Award (from Circulation Management), Allure is also highly regarded and recognized by the beauty industry for its truthful and informative reporting. It has won 29 awards from the American Academy of Dermatology, nine journalism awards from the Fragrance foundation, and the Excellence in Media Award from the Skin Cancer foundation. (Allure Media Kit, 19th August 2008, p1) According to Linda Wells, appearances are really important in this current day. Hence it has becomes important to women, the way in which they take care of themselves; and in the methods and process of taking care of themselves; how it makes them feel. It lifts their confidence. It gives a woman a sense of price and control. Confirming those feelings and the importance of keeping up appearances these days is something that is crucial to Allure. (QA with Linda Wells, 28th April 2009, Kaitlin Tambuscio, p2) Allure has a very strong and consistent editorial formula that has not changed over the years. (Refer to Appendix 4) Each issue has a specific editorial focus which changes according to trends and seasons, but it also has fixed features in certain issues through the year, every year i.e. Readers Choice Ballot in February, Readers Choice Awards in June, The Free Stuff Issue in August and Best of Beauty: Editors Choice Awards Breakthroughs in October. (Refer Appendix 8) In this analysis I am going to use three issues of Allure dating April 2005, August 2007 and March 2010. All three consists of six sections, listed in order; Beauty reporter, Fashion, Insiders guide, Health, Features and Regulars. There are many sub-sections within these headings but for the discussion of this paper, I am only going to discuss the few that stand out. Dedicated to beauty and acting as an insiders guide to a womans total image, Allures editorial content consists mainly of two categories, the external appearance; hair and make-up how-tos i.e. Back Stage Beauty Top 10 trends, cosmetic procedures (risks and benefits) i.e. Feature A Shot in the Dark; a growing number of women who are administering TCA peels and dubious fat-fighting injections to themselves, fashion trends i.e. Fashion Stakeout on Chloe Sevignys fashion choices, and skin care i.e. Beauty Reporter Youth Movement a review on six anti-ageing products, as well as internal well-being; physical and mental health i.e. Body News Testing Diets and Mood News Sad vs. Angry. (Allure Magazine May 2005, Condà © Nast Publications, p72, 88, 89, 139, 143, 252 168-190) Every issue consists of a balance of these two categories spread over the six sections of the magazine, contributed by a variety of writers and photographers. The sections in Allure magazine that forms the editorial format which in my opinion makes it stand out from its competitors are described as follows. Under Contributors, it highlights the contributors for that issue which are often various famous and freelance writers and photographers. This I feel gives consistent variety in terms of editorial as well as aesthetic value to the features. Beauty by numbers uses numbers and statistics to reveal interesting, unique and often humorous information about a topic in the issue which is related to beauty. (Refer to Appendix 5) Insiders Guide is a step-by-step guide by experts on three various topics including travel, beauty, entertaining and etiquette I.e. How to whiten your teeth? How to care for your shoes? How to stay cool under pressure? How to travel on your own? How to be a good houseguest? (Refer to Appendix 6) And finally, Beauty 101 a detailed pictorial guide on how-to create a look i.e. Low Ponytail, which also includes four tear-out cardboard cards for easy reference. (Refer to Appendix 7) Founded in 1991 by Editor in Chief Linda Wells, and directed by Vice President and Publisher Agnes B. Chapski since May 2008 (Allure Media Kit, 19th August 2008, p2), Allures masthead consists of almost one hundred staff (Refer to Appendix 9). It is owned by worldwide publishing company, Condà © Nast Publications which is one of the worlds most celebrated publishers. Their commitment to journalistic integrity, influential reporting and superior design combined with world-renowned editors, writers and photographers, which their magazines consistently feature; meld together to form an incredible stable of talent unmatched by any other publishing company. (A Brief History of the Condà © Nast Publications, 1993) Some examples of the prestigious lifestyle magazines that Condà © Nast Publications have under their belt are Vogue, GQ, Wired, Vanity Fair and The New Yorker, amongst many others. (Refer to Appendix 10) Hence, it is no surprise that under the same publishing umbrella, Allure has also made its name as one of the most successful and innovative publications, backed by soaring circulation figures from its initial 250,000 in 1991 to its current 1,150,000. (Allure Media Kit, 19th August 2008, p1) The Magazines Handbook suggests that the average advertising/editorial ratio of consumer magazines should be around 60:40 (McKay, Routledge 2000, p142).; containing enough advertising to generate revenue but still giving the reader value for money in terms of editorial. When the advertising content in a magazine is much more than 60%, it becomes cluttered with too many ads and according to Litman; will lose the editorial interest of the reader. (Litman, Journal of Advertising 1997, p4) This is further backed up by Halls Magazine reports 2009, which show that in the last ten years, the advertising/ editorial ratio of magazines has kept closely to the 60:40 recommendations. (Refer to Appendix 11) Hence, Allure gives its readers good value as it has managed to come under the recommended 60:40 advertising/ editorial ratio as shown in Appendix 12. HISTORY OF ALLURE MAGAZINE Allure magazine was first published in March 1991 (Refer to Appendix 13) by Condà © Nast Publications Inc., it was the first magazine entirely dedicated to beauty. Linda A. Wells is the founding editor and editor-in-chief of Allure magazine. The current editor-in-chief, Wells started Allure because she wanted to create a womens magazine that was both informative and truthful; unlike the traditional genre of womens magazines that focused on the latest fashion and beauty products, Wells wanted to give consumers the information that they needed. (Allure Media Kit, 19th August 2008, p1) Allure has been and still is currently owned by Condà © Nast Publications Inc. since its inception. At the time of its premiere issue, Kathy Leventhal was the publisher; she only stayed with Allure for two years leaving in May 1993. However, in the time that she was with the magazine, advertising pages rose from 94.9% to 462%, in the first half of 1993 from the comparable period in 1992. Circulation also jumped 41.4% for the first five issue of the year, to 669,000. (Fabrikant, The Media Business, May 1993) Since Kathy Leventhals departure, Allure has seen a few more publishers come and go. Sandy Golinkin (Carmody, The Media Business, May 1993) replaced Leventhal as publisher from May 1993 but was dismissed in 1999 because of the declining market for beauty advertising. (The New York Daily News, May 2000) Next in line was Erica Bartman who took over from Golinkin but abruptly resigned in April 2000. Shortly after in May 2000, Suzanne Grimes became publisher at Allure and she helped turn around a three year financial slide , posting a 13% increase in revenue in the first and only year she was there, she left to be the Vice President-Publisher of another Condà © Nast Publications; Glamour. (Betzold, Advertising Age, June 2001) Nancy Berger Cardone was Vice President and Publisher of Allure from 2001; she left in 2008 to become Vice President-Publisher of Gourmet. Under her leadership, Allure enjoyed seven consecutive record-breaking years, she increased advertising pages by 50% and published the largest issue in Allures history. It was also during her tenure that Allure won Ad weeks Hot List and Advertising Ages Best Performer. (Gourmet Press Centre, 2010) Finally, replacing Cardone in 2008 is Agnes B. Chapski, she is also the current Vice President-Publisher of Allure. (Allure Media Kit, 19th August 2008, p2) There are two problems that Allure encountered during its life so far; the media/digital revolution which drastically changed the way media was consumed, and the Economic Recession which significantly affected advertising revenue. In order to keep up with the digital revolution Allure launched its website Allure.com on the 17th of May 1994, the website is consistent with Allures brand as the ultimate beauty expert resource. It feature the same sections that are present in the magazine such as; The Beauty Reporter, Inside Allure, How-tos, Trends, Salon Spa directory, Makeovers and also includes interactive elements such as Free stuff, Twitter and Videos. The website also enabled you to subscribe to the magazine. (Website Traffic Spy, 2010) During the Economic Recession Allures advertising revenue plummeted 41% in January 2009 from January 2008. January 2008 had 70 pages of ads and January 2009 only had 41 according to the Media Industry Newsletter due to clients cutting their advertising budgets to cope with the recession and turning to other less established downscale publications which offered heavy discounts. In an interview by The New York Times, Jack Hanrahan said, Allure adopted a smart strategy to combat the financial recession; they negotiated with advertisers in regards to paging but not on price as they had larger bases of ad pages. As it is a private company, it does not need to report quarterly revenue. This enables them to preserve their well-established pricing-position of being equitable across advertisers and not engaging in heavy discounting and negotiations to secure a small schedule. Instead, they encouraged the advertisers annual commitment to a magazine. (Clifford, the New York Times, January 2009) As you can see, is still very much alive today. With an active website that had a monthly traffic of 487,000 readers in May 2010 and a monthly traffic which averages 208,600 readers a month, we can say that it has effectively kept up with the digital age while still maintaining its market position in print with a circulation of 1,050,000 and a readership of 6,570,000. (Allure Experts Reader Panel, Fas-Fax 31st December 2009)

The Bluebeard Reference in Jane Eyre :: Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Essays

The Bluebeard Reference in Jane Eyre    Within Jane Eyre lies an explicit reference to the tale of Bluebeard. When first exploring the dark hall of Thornfield’s third floor Jane tells us, "I lingered in the long passage to which this led [. . .] with only one little window at the far end, and looking, with its two rows of small black doors all shut, like a corridor in some Bluebeard’s castle" (114; ch. 11). This allusion is not a casual one, for the plot of Jane Eyre has much in common with the tale of Bluebeard. Bronte uses Bluebeard to foreshadow Rochester’s first wife, Bertha, being locked away from society in a hidden room on the third floor. This reference also in part alludes to ideas of women’s obedience and how not following the patriarchal rules of society can lead to punishment. Bertha is isolated from society and held captive in a secret room because she is not the model wife and acts out despite her husband. This relates to Bluebeard because he murders his wives once they become diso bedient. Bertha does die in the end of Bronte’s novel, though not at the hands of her husband. But even being isolated from society and held captive can be viewed as a symbolic death. Also Jane herself is often punished for not following the rules of patriarchal society. Bronte brings this poor treatment of women by society to light in the novel and shows her rejection of it through the characters of Jane and Bertha. The tale of Bluebeard dates back to the seventeenth century. "Bluebeard as we know him first appeared in Paris in 1695 as La Barbe Bleue, in the manuscript version of Charles Perrault’s Histories Ou Contes Du Temps Passe, a collection which has become a seminal influence on the evolution of fairy tale" (Davies 33). The villain of this tale is a man with a blue beard whom everyone fears. After inviting his neighbors to stay and celebrate at his country home in attempts to persuade one of the their daughters to marry him, he convinces the youngest of his widowed neighbor to be his bride. All goes well until the new husband goes away on business, leaving his wife in charge with only one rule, to not open the door of one room in the castle. Of course curiosity overtakes the wife and she enters the room only to find Bluebeard’s previous wives murdered within the chamber. The Bluebeard Reference in Jane Eyre :: Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Essays The Bluebeard Reference in Jane Eyre    Within Jane Eyre lies an explicit reference to the tale of Bluebeard. When first exploring the dark hall of Thornfield’s third floor Jane tells us, "I lingered in the long passage to which this led [. . .] with only one little window at the far end, and looking, with its two rows of small black doors all shut, like a corridor in some Bluebeard’s castle" (114; ch. 11). This allusion is not a casual one, for the plot of Jane Eyre has much in common with the tale of Bluebeard. Bronte uses Bluebeard to foreshadow Rochester’s first wife, Bertha, being locked away from society in a hidden room on the third floor. This reference also in part alludes to ideas of women’s obedience and how not following the patriarchal rules of society can lead to punishment. Bertha is isolated from society and held captive in a secret room because she is not the model wife and acts out despite her husband. This relates to Bluebeard because he murders his wives once they become diso bedient. Bertha does die in the end of Bronte’s novel, though not at the hands of her husband. But even being isolated from society and held captive can be viewed as a symbolic death. Also Jane herself is often punished for not following the rules of patriarchal society. Bronte brings this poor treatment of women by society to light in the novel and shows her rejection of it through the characters of Jane and Bertha. The tale of Bluebeard dates back to the seventeenth century. "Bluebeard as we know him first appeared in Paris in 1695 as La Barbe Bleue, in the manuscript version of Charles Perrault’s Histories Ou Contes Du Temps Passe, a collection which has become a seminal influence on the evolution of fairy tale" (Davies 33). The villain of this tale is a man with a blue beard whom everyone fears. After inviting his neighbors to stay and celebrate at his country home in attempts to persuade one of the their daughters to marry him, he convinces the youngest of his widowed neighbor to be his bride. All goes well until the new husband goes away on business, leaving his wife in charge with only one rule, to not open the door of one room in the castle. Of course curiosity overtakes the wife and she enters the room only to find Bluebeard’s previous wives murdered within the chamber.

Summary of 30 Seconds to Mars.

Noah Martin 1/6/13 Period 4 Last night I read, A Biography of 30 Seconds to Mars, pages 271 to 300 30 Seconds to Mars was formed in 1998 by the brothers Jared Leto and Shannon Leto. The banned started as a family project by Jared and Shannon respectively. Matt Wachter joined the band later as their bassist and keyboard player. Kevin Blake and Solon Bixer was there guitarist, but left because they couldn’t tour. They were later replaced by Tomo Milicevic. Jared and Shannon were by themselves in the band 1998 to 2001, and then they added Solon Bixer and Matt Wachter. Solon left the band in 2003, which was then replaced by Tomo. More Summary of Devil at My HeelsMatt left the band in 2007, replaced by no one but Jared took over using the synthesizers and bass. Tim Kelleher and Braxton Olita are 30 Seconds to Mars current touring members, starting with the This is War tour. Matt McJunkins and Kevin Drake are two of the former tour members. Kevin did rhythm guitar in the tour for 30 Seconds to Mars self-titled album, and Matt M. was bass guitar and backing vocals in 2011, for This is War. When Jared was interviewed for why he named the band he said, â€Å"For us, the name 30 Seconds To Mars has little to do with space, the universe or anything like that.It is a name that works on several different levels. Most importantly, it is a good representation of our sound. It's a phrase that is lyrical, suggestive, cinematic, and filled with immediacy. It has some sense of otherness to it. The concept of space is so overwhelming and all-encompassing I doubt there is a song written that doesn't fall within it. † W hen Shannon was interviewed he said, â€Å"It represents a lot of things. This professor had a thesis. It was talking about where technology was going; the evolution of man and how that plays a role. Also you can read this summary –  Protecting Freedom of Expression on the CampusA sub-category was 30 Seconds to Mars. It was like the exponential growth of humans. We are literally 30 seconds away from Mars. Everything is right here and right now; everything is just so crazy and fast. † There is also a quote made by former member Matt Wachter claimed by Virgin Records, but it has not been verified. As a side note, Jared Leto is a Hollywood actor, he prefers not to use the fact that he is an actor as a way to get publicity for his band, and he refuses to play at venues that have used his name to promote his band.

His Panic Why Americans Fear Hispanics in the U.S. Essay

Review by Howard Jordan, The City University of New York – Hostos Community College of book His Panic: Why Americans Fear Hispanics in the U.S. written by Emmy-award-winning journalist Geraldo Rivera. Rivera has truly emerged as a true warrior in defense of the Latino community and immigrant rights by dissecting and clarifying several myths that feed the anti-immigrant prejudice against the growing number of United States-born and foreign-born Latinos in our nation. One of the most obvious untrue assumptions surrounding immigrants is that Latinos are more prone to crime than their American counterparts. Rivera confronts the question of whether immigrants are committing crimes at higher rates than U.S. citizens. The debate started†¦show more content†¦Going further Rivera has evidence in his book about â€Å"nonpartisan, non-ideological, scientific data [that] proves that immigrants contribute greatly to the America economy† (p. 169). Again this corrects the misinformation that immigrants are not a burdensome to the U.S. if not a huge contributing force of this nation whose rights are often violated. A further huge inaccurate detail Rivera addresses in his book is the assumption that immigrants use ‘anchor babies’ presumably to further the parents’ quest for citizenship. Anchor babies are children born of illegal immigrants to help their parents acquire citizenship status in the U.S. That cannot be further from the truth because under current law, an illegal immigrant parent seeking citizenship cannot use the fact that their child is a citizen, until that child reaches the age of twenty-one. However, immigrants are being wrongfully and constantly criminalized for intending to build and raise a family. In conclusion I believe that the United States has to stop using fear mongering to influence, manipulate the opinions and actions of its citizens with the goal of fueling anti-immigrant sentiment. 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The True Nature of Obsession (Othello, Endless Love and...

The true nature of obsession manipulates a person’s character, forcing them to act in unusual ways, as if possessed by an involuntary need. An obsessed mind becomes intensely absorbed in the subject of the obsession to an extent that drives away the truth and realism in their values, morals and perceptions. William Shakespeare manifests this idea of an involuntary change in character in the play â€Å"Othello†, and with a similar approach this idea is identified by Scott Spencer in the novel â€Å"Endless Love† and is further explored in â€Å"Obsession†, a poem written by DaMoyre. Throughout each of these texts, the composers’ use of characterization depicts the true nature of obsession with themes of jealously, revenge and, as a consequence, madness.†¦show more content†¦Other characters in the play note this evident juxtaposition, this is reflective of Lodovico’s horror when he experiences Othello’s dramatic transformation, â€Å" Is this the noble Moor whom our full senate, Call all-in-all sufficient? Is the nature/ Whom passion could not shake? Whose solid virtue/ The shot of accident nor dart of chance/ Could neither graze nor pierce?† Shakespeare’s use of repetitive rhetorical questions addresses Lodovico’s shock and dismay in such a dramatic change. Obsession driven revenge often leads to extensive deceiving, lying and dishonesty. Shakespeare conveys this idea with his characterization of Iago and the idea is further investigates by Scott Spencer in his novel â€Å"Endless Love†. First person narration allows the audience to obtain deepened insight into the thoughts of the characters transfixed, consumed and manipulated mind. The characterization of David in this novel exemplifies this notion as he describes the nature of a lie, â€Å" You don’t live it, you live in it, the way you might live in a cave†. Spencer uses a simile to provide imagery and insight into the true nature of obsession. The idea presented is one of captivation and consumption that emerges involuntarily, as a result of consistent lying to gain power and manipulation in a path of revenge. In the poem â€Å"Obsession†, DaMoyre presents the idea of jealous driven revenge as a result of constant craving, yarning and need for the subject of obsession, without gain. In a

James Joyce s A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man

The popularity of the coming of age novel in the Twentieth and the Twenty First Centuries reveals a deepening understanding of the impact of childhood and adolescent experiences in the long-term development of adulthood. Such is the case of James Joyce’s A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, which explores the lasting impact of Steven Dedalus’ boyhood and teenage years on his destiny as an artist. The majority of the novel centres on these early years and draws upon the conventions of the Bildungsroman. The narrative largely is driven by impressionistic and sensory language which initially focuses on Steven’s encounters with the world but eventually turns inwards to focus on his emotional development and understanding of himself.†¦show more content†¦Furthermore Joyce’s purpose is further revealed through his protagonist’s view of the artist. Steven expresses the view of the role of the artist as an individual who chooses to isolate them selves; through the strict focalisation and the stream of consciousness the reader is able to experience Steven’s isolation and the development of his artistic expression (Belanger xxiv). However, as a result of this isolation we are given limited insight into the way Steven is perceived by others. One of the only descriptions given is from his rival at Belvedere, Heron. He says, â€Å"Dedalus is model youth. He doesn’t smoke and doesn’t go to bazaars and he doesn’t flirt and he doesn’t damn anything and damn all.† (Joyce 57). The repetition of doesn’t implies that Steven is reluctant to participate in the world around him, that in fact he does isolate himself from others and to an extent becomes an observer of life. Ultimately, Joyce does not prioritise the perception of Steven by others, choosing to focus on Steven’s perception of himself. The novel opens with the story of the baby tuckoo, which Steven realises is him, â€Å"He was baby tuckoo. The moocow came down the road where Betty Byrne lived† (Joyce 3). This short tale becomes a microcosm the entire novel and sets the tone for a narrative of self-discovery and realisation (Belanger ix). FollowingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Joyce s A Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man Essay2057 Words   |  9 PagesJames Joyce and H.G. Wells had different styles of writing and relied on different forms of narration. H.G. Wells was direct and focused on the external environment or situation. He did not give much insight on the thoughts or internal struggle of his characters, while James Joyce did. Joyce supplied his characters with a greater level of internal comprehension than Wells did and was able to provide more human like characters. This difference is especially seen in H.G Well’s Tono-Bungay and JamesRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s A Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man Essay1953 Words   |  8 PagesJames Joyce and H.G. Welles had different styles of writing and relied on different forms of narration. H.G. Wells was direct and focused on the external environment or situation. He did not give much insight on the thoughts or internal struggle of his characters, while James Joyce did. Joyce supplied his characters with a greater level of internal comprehension than Wells did and was able to provide more human like characters. This difference is especially seen in H.G Well’s Tono-Bungay and JamesRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man2639 Words   |  11 Pagesof the nature of God. 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In Ireland at the time, there is no influence as strong as religion but somehow Stephen is able to look over the wall and find determination to be an artist. He faces numerous struggles along his path and since the novel ends with Stephen just deciding to take his action, it is unclear if he even ever escapes the reli gious influencesRead More Rejection and Isolation in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1074 Words   |  5 Pages As James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man unfolds, the central theme of isolation and rejection becomes evident. From birth to adolescence, the protagonist of the story, Stephen Dedalus, responds to his experiences throughout life with actions of rejection and isolation. He rebels against his environment and isolates himself in schoolwork, family, religion and his art, successively. James Joyce uses Stephen Dedalus responses of isolation and rejection to illustrate theRead More Essay on Kinship in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1522 Words   |  7 PagesSearch for Kinship in Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the heart of James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man lies Stephen Dedalus, a sensitive young man concerned with discovering his purpose in life. Convinced that his lack of kinship or community with others is a shortcoming that he must correct, Stephen, who is modeled after Joyce, endeavors to fully realize himself by attempting to create a forced kinship with others. He tries many methods in hopesRead MoreThe Social And Historical Context Of A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man And My Son1436 Words   |  6 Pageshistorical context of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and My Son the Fanatic and how they enhance our understanding of the texts and then compare the two in their respective contexts. Religious extremism is a social ideology that is heavily implemented into both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and My Son the Fanatic. With Steven Dedalus being subjected to his traditional family views of Catholicism as was the author of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce. Throughout the textRead MoreMy Understanding Of A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man By James Joyce1029 Words   |  5 Pagesexploring various literary pieces can be an interesting task for the young mind. By observing myself and my peers I have developed an opinion, this opinion was reinforced by reading How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas Foster. There are different stages of comprehension. Authors and readers utilize both experiences and prior knowledge quite often. My understanding of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man By James Joyce was vastly impacted after reading Foster’s book. Instead of just reading

Foundation Management for Hospitality & Tourism -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFoundation Management for Hospitality Tourism. Answer: Introduction Scientific management is defined as a process through which maximum efficiency is realized through normalizing tasks by segregating work into small pieces. The concept of scientific management approach aimed to improve labor productivity by following certain principles. It was developed by Frederick Taylor towards the end of 19th century. Human relations approach on the other hand, was developed later and focuses more on achieving goals through improved relationships, recognition and motivation of workers themselves. Modern management theory tries to revise and refine its predecessors in attempt to unify them. Although the basic principles in scientific management theories remain relevant even in modern management approach, there are some key aspects that completely differ. Contrary to scientific management approach, modern management approach stipulates that no one best way of doing this will apply for all situations. Discussion Scientific management This was developed during industrial revolution when large scale factories were created. The solution to management problems, made by Frederick Taylor by developing scientific theory of management, has greatly contributed to the current management practice. It has contributed in solving management problems like organizational inefficiencies, safety issues, supervision, conflict and industrial unrest. Scientific management was characterized by what Taylor referred to as principles of scientific management. From these principles, work is standardized based on measurements and formulae where workers are matched to tasks with respect to their skills (Shaw, 2017). Coordination of activities and separation of planning and execution are emphasized. The principles are based on science, which is the tool used in formulation of procedures to ensure cooperation as opposed to individualism, maximum output instead of restricted output and development of human resources to achieve highest efficien cy and prosperity. Contribution of this approach to work is evident in organization of labor such that work is not based on technical superiority but instead focuses on division of labor then integration of tasks to achieve a common goal. Management uses this science to integrate methods, policies, planning and people to achieve objectives. Taylorism has led to differentiation of skilled and unskilled labor, improved productivity and reduced craft based work. Today, it is used in manufacturing and in mass production. Division of labor still forms the basis of work organization. Human resource managers are still concerned in fostering cooperation. Limitations associated with this approach are that it resulted to repetitions that bring about boredom and promotes deskilling. Human Relations Movement Human relation school portrays organizations as system of interdependent human resources. Mary parker added a measurement of human aspect to the study of organizations. Chester Barnards theory views organizations as systems of coordinated human activities (Feldman Worline, 2016). This study emphasizes on understanding human behavior such as motivations rather than economic factors. This is because employees are found to be social as opposed to economic beings. Work should be viewed as group activity since groups exert strong impacts over individuals. Social factors help productivity to increase, therefore employees performance can be improved by cultivating good relations and trust between managers and workers. Informal work groups are found to influence performance as was observed in Hawthorne effect. Cooperation is an important aspect of productivity and this is connected to the importance of interpersonal skills among managers, who should as well have skills in controlling and pl anning (Loonam, 2014). Such human factors lead motivation based productivity, job satisfaction and cooperation between workers and their supervisors. Attention paid to the role of leadership and supervisory development, motivation and harmony at place of work are key things that can be used to gauge productivity in this perspective. On the other hand, conflict between needs of human workers and those of management of organizations demotivates employees. Modern Management Theory and Practice Modern period with regard to management theory is recent period starting from 1960 to present. This has drifted from extreme human relations thinking about morale and productivity (Robledo, 2016). Modern management wants equal emphasis on machine and human workforce. Principles of management, which are key features of scientific management, reached a point which marked the beginning of modern approaches to management where they needed to be revised and refined in attempt to reach perfection. A new approach that needed to unify different approaches and inclusive of emerging needs was develop and became what is known as modern management theory. This approach of management is sensitive to aspects such as social responsibilities of various societies such as employees, trade unions, customers and shareholders. Three streams of thinking have arisen from it: quantitative (mathematical) approach, systems approach and contingency approach. Quantitative Approach This approach emphasizes on use of mathematical models as universally recognized analysis tool as they provide a good channel for precise explanation of relationships and concepts. It considers variables and inputs in a quantitative basis which can be modelled to help management in decision making. Different tools and quantitative techniques such as simulation, linear programming are increasingly being used to cover a wide scope while studying current problems. It is based on assumption that all aspects of management can be treated in quantitative terms. However, it is recognized that sound judgement in managerial decisions is critical and that mathematical models cannot be substituted (Suddaby, 2015). Contributions of this approach are very significant in the field of management. This has boosted development of orderly thinking of managers by bringing about exactness to managerial processes. This approach has its limitations. It is narrow since it is merely based on solving certain managerial problems that are specific to certain situations. In real life situations, executives are required to make decisions quickly with no time to wait all the information necessary to develop models. The assumption made in this approach that all variables in decision making are measurable is not realistic. Furthermore, information available with regard to decision making based on mathematical models are not always up to date. Systems Approach This approach tried to unify its predecessor schools of thoughts. Organizations are viewed as open systems composed of interdependent subsystems whose interaction contribute to orderly totality of an organization. It is based on the idea that things and processes in an organization are inter-related and interdependent. Various components of the system should to be studied with regard to their interdependent relationship instead of isolation of each (Devers, et al, 2014). The system is composed of a boundary that defines external and internal environment. The system receives information from outside that undergo changes within the internal environment of subsystems and gives output to the external environment. It is therefore dynamic and responsive to changes in the environment. System approach is important in managerial perspective because it aims to solve objectives of an organization in an open system manner. It is easier to locate non performing subsystems and fix them without alt ering the performance of other subsystems (Harrison, et al, 2015). This approach has contributed in analyzing the functions of complex organizations such as project management organizations. Subsystems interactions help to bring interrelations aspects to managerial functions of planning, organizing, controlling and leading. This approach is advantageous over others since it is thought to be very close to reality. However, it may not be applicable to large and more complex organizations. It is regarded vague as it fails to provide any technique to managers. Contingency or Situational Approach This is the latest and it is an improvement of system approach. It is based on the fact that management problems are different at different situations and should be handled so as to cater for the needs at the situation. As opposed to scientific theory of management, contingency approach views problems as situational other than repetitive and thus one best way of management does not always apply. The behavior of one sub unit is in contingent with its environment (Alonso, et al, 2016). To change the behavior of a sub unit, then to one must change the situation influencing it. This approach emphasis on internal and external environments, which are the sub systems of an organization, which are analyzed and integrated to provide practical solutions to problems for given situations. The subsystems analysis helps in determination of organizational designs and managerial actions that are critical in making most appropriate decision for specific situations. In contrary with management theory about universality, contingency approach stipulates no one best way of doing things will apply in all situations. Managers should prepare strategies and policies according to situations the problems arise in. It emphasizes that for such managerial strategies to be effective, adjustment must be made in response to changes in the environment. Diagnostic skills need to be improved for an organization be ready and anticipate for environmental changes. Managers need to have human relations skills in order to accommodate change (Sharma, 2016). Contingency approach forms a basis of brighter ways for development of management theory in future. This approach makes a realistic view in management and disregards validity of universal management principles. It advises executives to be creative and innovative by being situation-oriented. However, this approach does not have theoretical base hence it is upon an executive to weigh between options before taking an action. Conclusion Management theories are vital in analyzing the managerial problems. Different theories have been formed to help in this analysis. Each of them has contributed to modern management. Scientific management theory forms the basis of management approaches. Human relations builds on the same but emphasizes more on human aspect. However, modern theories of managements are not in total agreement with scientific approach. They reject the idea by scientific theory of management that all aspects in management can be modelled mathematically and argues that there is no one best way that will work in all situations. 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Harrison, J, Freeman, R, S de Abreu, M 2015, 'Stakeholder Theory As an Ethical Approach to Effective Management: applying the theory to multiple contexts', Revista Brasileira De Gesto De Negcios, 17, pp. 858-859, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Loonam, J 2014, 'Towards a Grounded Theory Methodology: Reflections for Management Scholars', Irish Journal Of Management, 33, 1, pp. 49-72, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Robledo, MA 2016, '3D-Management: An Integral Business Theory', Integral Leadership Review, pp. 72-85, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Sharma, DN 2016, 'The Strategic Approach to Management of NPAs in Associate Banks with Special Reference to SBBJ', Journal Of Institute Of Public Enterprise, 39, 3/4, pp. 60-80, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Shaw, JD 2017, 'advantages of starting with theory', Academy of Management Journal, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 819-822. Available from: 10.5465/amj.2017.4003. [10 October 2017]. Suddaby, R 2015, 'editor's comments: why theory?', Academy Of Management Review, 4015, pp. 1-5, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017.